建筑腳手架的安全問題一直是建筑施工中的難題，每年都會發(fā)生幾起腳手架倒塌安全事故。如何提高腳手架的安全度，確保移動腳手架的施工安全，下面借鑒日本移動腳手架的管理經(jīng)驗談幾點看法：目前全國門式腳手架鋼管約有1000萬噸以上，其中劣質(zhì)的、超期使用的和不合格的鋼管占90％以上，扣件總量約有10—12億個，合格品率為零．如此量大面廣的不合格鋼管和扣件，已成為建筑施工安全的隱患，要在短期內(nèi)完成整治工作是不可能的。近年來，由于建筑和租賃市場混亂，生產(chǎn)和銷售劣質(zhì)鋼管、扣件的違法行為突出，大量不合格的鋼管、扣件流入施工現(xiàn)場，加上施工單位不規(guī)范使用，嚴(yán)重危及建筑施工安全。最近，建設(shè)部，國家質(zhì)檢總局、國家工商總局聯(lián)合發(fā)布了“關(guān)于開展建筑施工用鋼管、扣件專項整治的通知”，要求通過此次專項整治，使生產(chǎn)、銷售、租賃和使用的劣質(zhì)建筑施工用鋼管、扣件的狀況得到明顯扭轉(zhuǎn)．

The safety of scaffolding has always been a difficult problem in construction. Several safety accidents of scaffolding collapse occur every year. How to improve the safety of scaffolding and ensure the construction safety of scaffolding? Here are some opinions based on the management experience of Japanese scaffolding. At present, there are more than 10 million tons of scaffolding steel pipes in China, of which 90% are inferior, overdue and unqualified. The total number of fasteners is about 1.0-1.2 billion, and the qualified rate is zero. Components have become hidden dangers of construction safety. It is impossible to complete the renovation work in a short time. In recent years, due to the chaotic construction and leasing market, the illegal activities of producing and selling inferior steel pipes and fasteners have become prominent. A large number of unqualified steel pipes and fasteners have flowed into the construction site, together with the irregular use of construction units, which seriously endangers the safety of construction. Recently, the Ministry of Construction, the State Administration of Quality Supervision and Inspection, and the State Administration of Industry and Commerce jointly issued the Notice on the Special Regulation of Steel Pipes and Fasteners for Construction, requesting that the situation of inferior construction steel pipes and fasteners for production, sale, leasing and use be significantly reversed through this special regulation. 一、大力開發(fā)新型門式腳手架是解決施工安全的重要保證

1. Vigorously developing new scaffolding is an important guarantee for solving construction safety

日本在50年代已開始大量應(yīng)用扣件式鋼管梯形腳手架，到50年代中期，扣件式鋼管梯形腳手架的應(yīng)用量已占主導(dǎo)地位，由于不斷發(fā)生傷亡事故，據(jù)介紹曾在一年內(nèi)傷亡人數(shù)達(dá)到2856人，因此，腳手架的安全問題引起政府有關(guān)部門的高度重視．

In Japan, fastener-type steel tube scaffolding has been widely used in the 1950s. By the mid-1950s, the application of fastener-type steel tube scaffolding has dominated. As casualties continue to occur, it is reported that the number of casualties in one year has reached 2856. Therefore, the safety of scaffolding has attracted great attention from relevant government departments.

60年代初，由于門式腳手架裝拆方便、承載性能好、安全可靠，尤其是勞動省對腳手架的安全使用作出了規(guī)定，門式腳手架在工程中開始大量應(yīng)用。70年代初，隨著日本超高層建筑日益增多，腳手架租賃業(yè)務(wù)的廣泛開展，門式腳手架的應(yīng)用量迅速增長，并已成為主導(dǎo)腳手架．

In the early 1960s, because the portal scaffolding was easy to assemble and disassemble, good load-bearing performance, safe and reliable, especially the Ministry of Labor made provisions for the safe use of scaffolding, portal scaffolding began to be widely used in engineering. In the early 1970s, with the increasing number of super high-rise buildings in Japan and the widespread development of scaffolding leasing business, the application of portal scaffolding increased rapidly and has become the leading scaffolding.

目前，日本還開發(fā)和研究了H型、折疊式、碗扣式、圓盤式，插孔式、插槽式等多種類型腳手架。由于扣件式鋼管腳手架的安全性較差，在施工工程中已很少使用了。

At present, Japan has also developed and studied H-type, folding type, bowl-button type, disc type, Jack type, slot type and other types of scaffolding. Because of the poor safety of fastener-type steel pipe scaffolding, it has been rarely used in construction projects.

我國在60年代初開始應(yīng)用扣件式鋼管腳手架，由于這種腳手架具有裝拆靈活、搬運方便、通用性強、價格便宜等特點，所以在我國應(yīng)用十分廣泛，其使用量占60％以上，是當(dāng)前使用量最多的一種腳手架。但是，這種腳手架的最大弱點是安全性較差，施工工效低。隨著我國大量現(xiàn)代化大型建筑體系的出現(xiàn)，這種腳手架已不能適應(yīng)建筑施工發(fā)展的需要，因此，大力開發(fā)和推廣應(yīng)用新型腳手架是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。實踐證明，采用新型腳手架不僅施工安全可靠、裝拆速度快、而且腳手架用鋼量可減少33％左右，裝拆工效提高8-10倍以上，施工成本可明顯下降，施工現(xiàn)場文明、整潔。80年代初，我國先后從國外引進(jìn)門式腳手架，碗扣式腳手架等多種型式腳手架．門式腳手架在國內(nèi)許多工程中也曾大量應(yīng)用過，取得較好的效果，但是，門式腳手架沒有得到大量推廣應(yīng)用，不少門式腳手架生產(chǎn)廠紛紛關(guān)閉或轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)?，F(xiàn)在國內(nèi)還有少量門式腳手架生產(chǎn)廠，其產(chǎn)品大部分都是按外商來圖加工，出口國外。碗扣式腳手架是新型腳手架中，推廣應(yīng)用最多的一種腳手架，但是使用面還不廣．只有國內(nèi)部分地區(qū)和部分工程中大量應(yīng)用，可是最近幾年我們國內(nèi)市場上的碗扣式腳手架大都是河北一帶生產(chǎn)的非標(biāo)產(chǎn)品，施工事故也接而連三，深是讓人擔(dān)憂?，F(xiàn)在我國內(nèi)市場上有一種最新開發(fā)的直插式雙自鎖型多功能鋼管腳手架就非常先進(jìn)，能適應(yīng)各種多樣化腳手架的拼裝和支護(hù)體系的應(yīng)用。因此，大力開發(fā)和推廣應(yīng)用新型直插式雙自鎖腳手架，逐步替代安全度較差的扣件式、門式、碗扣式腳手架，是解決腳手架施工安全的重要保證．